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JMC contributed to the study design, data collection and exposure assessment, statistical analysis and review of the manuscript.
We used estimates of lifetime excess cancer risk as indicators that, although based on a number of simplifying assumptions, help to identify important data gaps and prioritize more detailed data collection and exposure assessment needs.
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ESM Fig. 2 illustrates the time points of data collection and exposures.
Typically, HHRA involves four steps: data collection and analysis, exposure assessment, toxicity assessment, and risk characterization.
We discuss our experiences with and recommendations related to the following issues: addressing stereotypes, data collection and study design, exposure measurements, schedules and time coordination, quality assurance and quality control, and institutional review board (IRB) protocol.
Published case reports and case series often provide exposure and health outcome information, but these are subject to reporting bias, retrospective data collection, and imprecise estimates of exposure dose and duration.
Numerous cohorts have added collection of biologic samples to an extensive exposure history and have added additional endpoints to maximize the use of extensive exposure data collection and also allow consideration of trade-offs between risks and benefits of components of lifestyle and other exposures.
JB and MK supervised data collection and, along with RD, assessed exposure values.
The standard WSDOH questionnaire was supplemented with an additional set of questions to ensure completeness of exposure data collection and to better align Washington data with New York data.
The methods for exposure data collection and analysis must be sufficiently robust to accommodate the a priori hypotheses to be tested, as well as hypotheses generated from the data.
Limitations of our study include retrospective data collection and lack of information on antibiotic exposure and travel history as well as the exclusion of a number of patients with no isolate available.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com