Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
data below
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "data below" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used to refer to information or statistics that are presented in a lower section of a document or text. Example: "Please review the data below to understand the trends in our sales over the past year."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
News & Media
Academia
Alternative expressions(20)
updates below
way below
appreciably less than
well under
far below
information provided hereafter
more information below
significantly lower than
markedly inferior to
more information is available below
substantially lower
vastly under
well below
updating below
terminated below
information below
further details below
requirements below
see updates following
details below
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
60 human-written examples
The data below tells us.
News & Media
The tabulated data below are from Puckett.
Academia
14. Issue date for circulation data below: September 18 , 2000
News & Media
Data below represent activity for the average Internet user during the designated weekly period.
News & Media
(The data below are from publicly available government sources, summarized and cited in Calorie Wars: Fat, Fact and Fiction).
News & Media
Data below is excluding the outlier.
Data below in italics indicates the 95%% binomial confidence intervals.
Science
Data below are transformed to whole-body values.
Science
The data below are represented as means ± standard error or percentage.
Science
Data below are in line with the latter possibility for at least some genes.
Science
You can download the full data below.
News & Media
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "data below", ensure the data is clearly and directly related to the preceding statement. This helps maintain clarity and avoids confusion for the reader.
Common error
Avoid using "data below" when the data is actually located to the side or above the text. This can mislead readers and disrupt the flow of information. Ensure the placement is accurate to maintain credibility.
Source & Trust
83%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "data below" functions as a referential marker, directing the reader's attention to specific information presented subsequently. As Ludwig AI confirms, this phrase is commonly used to guide the reader to related data, as evidenced in numerous examples.
Frequent in
Science
40%
News & Media
35%
Academia
25%
Less common in
Formal & Business
0%
Encyclopedias
0%
Wiki
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, the phrase "data below" is a grammatically sound and frequently used expression to direct readers to data presented later in a document. As confirmed by Ludwig AI, it serves primarily to organize and signpost information in a clear manner. It is commonly found in scientific, news, and academic contexts, and its neutral register makes it suitable for a wide range of writing styles. Ensure that the data is accurately placed to avoid misinterpretation. Using alternatives such as "the following data" can add variety to your writing while maintaining clarity.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
the following data
A more direct and concise way to refer to the data that will be listed.
the data that follows
Similar to "the following data" but with a slightly different emphasis.
information provided hereafter
Emphasizes the act of providing information after this point.
statistics shown hereafter
Specifically refers to numerical data that will be displayed subsequently.
details outlined subsequently
Highlights that the details will be presented following this statement.
see data following
A more imperative and direct way to guide the reader.
the ensuing data
Indicates that the data will immediately follow the current statement.
findings presented hereunder
Implies a more formal or legal context where the findings are officially documented.
data in subsequent sections
Specifies that the data is located in later parts of the document.
data presented hereinafter
A formal way of saying that the data will be presented later in the text.
FAQs
How can I use "data below" in a sentence?
Use "data below" to refer to information presented in a lower section of a document or text. For example, "Please analyze the data below to understand the sales trends."
What are some alternatives to "data below"?
You can use alternatives like "the following data", "information provided hereafter", or "statistics shown hereafter" depending on the context.
Is it correct to say "the data below shows" or "the data below show"?
The phrase "data" is plural, so the correct phrasing is "the data below show". Although it may sound incorrect to some, the plural form is grammatically accurate.
What is the difference between "data below" and "data above"?
"Data below" indicates that the information is located further down in the document, while "data above" refers to information located earlier in the document.
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
83%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested