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These interactions may be measurable directly from field data as inter-specific impacts of equal magnitude to intra-specific impacts; alternatively, Lotka-Volterra models of the sort described here can estimate average competition coefficients at an observed equilibrium N, given an average R (a big proviso, as field data generally measure realised rather than intrinsic vital rates).
The results indicated good consistency in waveform estimation for most kinematic and kinetic data, as well as good inter-and intra-rater reliability.
All graphical values are expressed as means ± standard error of the mean, and to provide more descriptive data in the results section we present data as median (inter-quartile range).
Also, we did not consider other forms of reproducibility data, such as inter-laboratory variation, variations between lab technologists, batch-to-batch variations, variations due to different incubation times, etc.
Proteomic and genomic behaviors can differ between in vitro and in vivo data sets as inter-organ regulation is removed.
Clinical variables and univariate comparison between groups are reported for normally or near normally distributed variables as means with standard deviations (SD) and compared by Student's t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) and for non-normally distributed continuous data as medians with inter-quartile ranges (IQR) and compared by Mann Whitney U test or Kruskal Wallis test, respectively.
In earlier research, we identified the GP and practice characteristics as a probable factor of variation between morbidity estimates using GPRN data, also known as inter-doctor variation [ 5].
41 Categorical data are presented as numbers and percentages, and continuous data as the median and inter-quartile range (IQR).
Being based on coordinate data as opposed to the inter-landmark distances of standard morphometrics, GM methods allow patterns of shape variation to be investigated within a well-understood statistical framework that yields easily interpreted numerical and visual results [ 37- 40].
For determining the agreement of the various CTA measures for each observer separately relative to the grading of carotid stenoses with DSA, we also used linear weighted kappas using the consensus reading as standard of reference grouping data, as we did for inter-observer variability.
The IO table provides data on inter-industry transaction as factor price for the year 2007 2008.
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