Legal authorities use census data to monitor discrimination and to enforce civil rights laws.
Each EU country has its own data privacy czar to enforce laws, although enforcement varies greatly between countries.
Swiss officials are expecting a sharp rise in asylum seekers with the European Union's introduction this month of a fingerprint data bank to enforce a unified asylum policy.
Because the curation steps are performed by a human being and multiple sets of data are included at the same time, the curator can draw on shared information between data sets to enforce higher-order quality standards.
The House of Commons also lambasted the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) for poor scientific data, and for failing to enforce catch levels.
Instead, she argued that Airbnb and similar companies must "give the city the data they need" to enforce the laws.
The census has not asked about citizenship on the decennial form since 1950, and former top Justice Department officials say that the ACS provides adequate data to enforce the law.
But, according to Copley, town halls did not have the resources or data to enforce it.
Now it goes down to the different data protection offices to enforce".
Ross said in March that he began exploring adding the question after the Justice Department said it needed better citizenship data to enforce it.
