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Using national data administered by the US Census Bureau, Edin and Shaefer found that since the welfare reforms of 1996 in particular – some of which have acted as models for UK welfare-to-work reforms – the number of families in the US surviving on cash incomes as low as $2 a day per person has skyrocketed.
A structured questionnaire was used to collect data administered by trained female interviewers.
These are record-level data administered by The NHS Information Centre for Health and Social Care, on behalf of the Secretary of State for Health.
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This exhaustive economic analysis synthesized information from numerous national data sources administered by multiple federal agencies including the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.
Distribution, registration, scanning of questionnaires, and basic management of data was administered by Statistics Sweden.
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) is a publicly available data set administered by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), part of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The collection of data was administered by school nurses and headmasters, and all children answered the School wellbeing – Student questionnaire [ 34].
In our opinion, systematic data splitting administered by an independent party would accomplish for statistical surveys what pre-registration has already done for clinical trials.
The Ghana Demographic and Health survey (GDHS) is a nationally representative data set administered by Ghana Statistical Service and Macro, and the fifth in such surveys of the Global Demographic and Health Surveys Program.
In our analysis we draw on data from the two most commonly used Iraq-specific datasets: Iraq Body Count (IBC), a web-based data collection effort administered by Conflict Casualties Monitor Limited (London) [23], and U.S. military (SIGACT) data available through The Guardian[27].
However, often there is no unique key which is shared by all the data collections which need to be linked, particularly when these data collections are administered by separate organisations, possibly operated for quite different purposes in disparate subject domains.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com