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A UK-funded initiative, developed by Satellite Applications Catapult (SAC) and the Pew Charitable Trusts, uses satellite radars to track these "dark targets".
However, we consider an operation that enhances selectivity for small, dark targets.
Despite these optical limitations, hoverfly STMDs still respond strongly to very small dark targets—just 0.18° square [ 6].
During their final capture swim, larval zebrafish also show dorsal flexion to strike their prey from below, and so selectivity for dark targets might represent an adaptive feature of the visual system for discriminating prey against a relatively bright background.
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A dark target on a light background (negative contrast) is detected sooner and with more distinguishable detail than a light target on a dark background (positive contrast) with the same absolute value of minimum luminance difference [12].
2) An unadapted 'on' phase, which is inherent in the non-changing texture of the dark target.
The system is first calibrated radiometrically using both a diffuse white and dark target followed by a light setup based on the type of object to be recorded.
The dark target was then replaced with a target of equivalent spectral composition, but 100× higher radiance.
We found that these rd/rd cl mice, previously trained to choose a lit over a dark target, were able to navigate the maze when the lit target was replaced with the longer but not the shorter wavelength light.
To determine whether they could distinguish quantitative differences in brightness, we trained a new cohort of four rd/rd cl mice over 17 days to swim toward a lit target of moderate radiance (64 red+green+blue LED triplets each with radiance 13 W/sr/m or 10 melanopic cd/m) in preference to a dark target.
We tested their ability to make visual discriminations in a trapezoid Y water maze in which the mouse was trained to swim toward a lit target (in preference to a dark target in the adjoining lane) to reach an escape platform.
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