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The fabricated devices exhibited a twofold change in conductivity between light and dark states.
Center stage is the implementation of photochemical strategies to quickly recover fluorophores from long-lasting dark states.
Additionally, it couples bright and dark excitonic states, M b and M d, making the dark states bright [48 50].
This thermal escape affects the PL decay times above 250 K. Dark states of photo-excited carriers originating from the separate localization of electron and hole into different NDs are elucidated with the localization energies of 70 and 90 meV.
Due to this, dark states with zero absorption amplitude would appear causing the multi-level atomic system to act like a transparent medium, which has potential applications for optical switches and photonic devices [27, 28].
The QD blinking is associated to charge trapping and un-trapping at surface defects during excitation and results in alternation (at all timescales) of bright and dark states during which no photons are emitted.
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"The whole legal system is in a dark state right now".
Perhaps by then its normally prominent South Equatorial Belt will have recovered to its dark state.
For 'off' switching we consider fast oil wetting and surface reforming to the flat (dark) state.
It cannot be a dark state in something else, since even the luminous state is not a self-subsistent light, let alone the dark state.
In the dark state, chemisorbed oxygen molecules capture free electrons: O2(g) + e − → O2 −.
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