"A woman's handbag," Smith says, "is one of the most damaging environments for a phone".
The disposable hydrophones are intended for onetime use in such damaging environments as chemically contaminating fluids and high-amplitude (peak amplitude ∼100 MPa) shock wave fields, where the use of commercial membrane hydrophones is not recommended.
However, a priori, it would be expected that accumulated disadvantage would result in greater reductions in telomere length through longer-term exposure to more detrimental and damaging environments.
Thus, C. neoformans can undergo a meiotic process, monokaryotic fruiting, that promotes recombinational repair in the oxidative, DNA damaging environment of the host macrophage, and this repair capability may contribute to its virulence.
Increased Wnt5a secretion of fibroblast cells of the aging lung can stimulate inflammation and therefore maintenance of a damaging environment to the gas-exchange surface.
We used budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a system to study such trade-offs in growth, in favorable, oxidizing, and DNA-damaging environments.
Macrophages generally hone to mitochondria-damaging environments in response to inflammation, infection, would repair, and tumorigenesis [ 37, 38, 126, 128, 170].
The CDK inhibitors flavopiridol and olomoucine also protected the neurons from these conditions, suggesting that these cell cycle elements might mediate death signalling as a result of DNA-damaging environments [ 4].
To compare trade-offs across various favorable and nonfavorable conditions, the homozygous nonessential gene deletion collection in yeast, phenotyped for growth in glucose, oxidative, and DNA-damaging environments (Hillenmeyer et al. 2008), was analyzed (see File S1).
Macrophages/microglia home to mitochondria-damaging environments in response to inflammation, infection, wound repair and tumorigenesis (Giulian et al., 1989; Chettibi, 1999; Bingle et al., 2002; Graeber et al., 2002; Lewis and Murdoch, 2005; Martin and Leibovich, 2005; Lewis and Pollard, 2006).
For example, mutation of the p53 gene itself is not enough to confer stability and the WT protein can be stabilised by overexpression of the murine double minute (Mdm 2 or Mdm4 protein or by exposure to a DNA-damaging environment (Lane and Hall, 1997).
