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Corrosion and crack damages calculated by some empirical equations were subjected to the model.
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This chapter also discusses spectral fatigue analysis, including fatigue damage acceptance criteria and fatigue damage calculated using frequency-domain solution.
This chapter also discusses SFA, including fatigue damage acceptance criteria and fatigue damage calculated using frequency domain solutions.
The results are compared with respect to the fatigue damage calculated using the stress-based approach and the rainflow counting method.
Risk = (probability of finding a certain number of cycles) × (specific damage calculated with the damage function for each particular material)] which is the same as [Risk = (calculated frequency of cycles) × (damage for a single cycle calculated with the damage function for each particular material)].
The natural frequencies before and after damage calculated by solving the eigenvalue problem were used as target frequency values in the CWT analyses, the natural frequencies of the pristine building ranged from 1.6 to 10.8 Hz.
In service load history tests with plastic deformation, the fatigue damage caused by the small cycles in the load history is larger than the damage calculated from the standard strain-life curve.
The cellular mutation rate is determined by the amount of DNA damage calculated using the model of selenium metabolism.
For quantification, the tail moment (an index of DNA damage calculated as the product of the tail length and the fraction of DNA in the comet tail) was evaluated using CometScore version 1.5 software (AutoComet.com).
The filing also includes some additional clarification around the way in which the damages figure was calculated.
Mr. Pozen is correct that Congress should not let the controversial issue of how damages are calculated bog down needed reforms.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com