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Damage was generated in a concrete sample applying 6.4 kJ energy of pulsed-electric discharge.
Electromigration damage was generated at plastically deformed segments in the single-crystal conductor lines, but not in polycrystalline lines.
DNA damage was generated with genotoxic stress.
Localized DNA damage was generated by exposure of cells to a UV-A laser (Limoli and Ward, 1993; Lukas et al, 2003).
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In the field, significant corrosion damage is generated as a result of small percentage steel loss.
In the laboratory, however, only minimal corrosion damage is generated as a result of high percentage steel loss.
Specific significant gene networks that were associated with hepatic system function, liver cholestasis and/or liver damage were generated for each compound (Figures 9B F).
They also suggest that the singlet oxygen responsible for membrane damage is generated directly in the lipid bilayer, since hydrophilic quenchers have no effects.
DNA damage is generated by exogenous agents such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, genotoxic compounds including chemotherapeutic drugs such as adriamycin, and endogenous factors such as reactive oxygen species which are generated by mitochondria in the process of β-oxidation.
DNA damage is generated throughout life and causes continuous damage to the macromolecular components of cells.
These biological effects are different from those associated with the short-pulse high-peak power in which, because of thermal expansion, tissues damage is generated far from the absorbing area.
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