The most deleterious radiation-induced damages are double strand breaks (DSBs) and among early signals of cellular response to DSB there is phosphorylation of protein histone H2AX [ 32].
Finally, SEM observations reveal several damage when standard twist drills were used and less damage was observed with double cone drills.
Oxidative damage was detected by double immunostaining with antinitrotyrosine (1 50; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), followed by Alexa Fluor 488 (1:1000; Molecular Probes).
If we had used the non-farm wage rate, our damage estimate would be double, and clearly exceed the physical damage costs.
To test whether MM cells are less prone to DNA damage, cells were double-stained for CD138 and γH2AX.
The most deleterious damage is a double-strand break (DSB), which is detected and repaired by mechanisms known as non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR), which are components of the DNA damage response system.
The most detrimental form of DNA damage is the double-strand break (DSB), which is repaired primarily by NHEJ, and to a lesser extent by HRR in human cells.
The most deleterious form of DNA damage are DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which arise under physiological conditions predominantly from oxidative damage [1], or are caused by genotoxic insults such as ionizing radiation, and are repaired by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination.
The most detrimental form of damage is DNA double-strand breaks, which can be induced by ionising radiation and are lethal to the cell if not repaired.
A particularly deleterious type of DNA damage is the double-strand break (DSB), in which both strands of the DNA molecule are broken.
