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The baseline damage was calculated with the ratio of damaged mtDNA over total mtDNA: 27.04% of the total mtDNA content was damaged for lymphocytes versus 31.19% and 32.09% for C4-2 and LNCaP, respectively).
The economy had shrunk by a quarter, thanks to US sanctions, and the invasion damage was calculated at $2bn.
Cumulative fatigue damage was calculated to less than 1.6% in the first year.
The mechanical fatigue damage was calculated based on the Smith Watson Topper (SWT) model at room temperature, while the oxidation damage was calculated based on the Sehitoglu model determined from the stress/strain data at the equivalent temperature.
To deal with the extent of thermal damage to the healthy tissue and tumor, the fraction of tissue experiencing thermal damage was calculated.
The damage friction caused by each cycle of stress was computed according to the Soderberg criterion and the total damage was calculated by the Miner's law.
Similar(38)
The likelihood of damage is calculated using extreme value theory.
Creep fatigue damage is calculated based on the R5 methodology.
The residual stress and the impact damage are calculated.
Blast areas and damage are calculated by a statistical computer, and the mean value theorem is evoked to the bafflement of muggle readers.
An attack's level of damage is calculated based on a character's physical strength, the power of his weapon and his enemy's strength.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com