Nor has any light been shed on the way graphene could cause damage to cells.
He hopes that the research reveals the biological mechanism of radiation damage to cells, he added.
Glutathione is a molecule that is very important in preventing oxidative damage to cells.
Free radicals may cause damage to cells, possibly resulting in cancer.
This so-called recrystallization phenomenon can cause mechanical damage to cells and also introduce lethal intracellular ice formation21,24.
Free radicals react with other molecules and can cause damage to cells through a process called oxidation.
Highly reactive particles called free radicals are made naturally in the body and cause damage to cells, while smoking, ultraviolet light and other environmental factors contribute to ageing.
Scanning electron microscopy showed extensive boundary damage to cells after 1 min sonication.
Annular-flow bioreactors are normally operated under laminar Couette flow conditions in order to minimise shear-induced damage to cells.
This test might be used to predict damage to cells in processing equipment and to optimize culture conditions.
There, they ultimately wreak damage to cells of the mid-brain, where dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in motor control, is made.
