A brief word on damage states is warranted.
Damage States are defined according to the observational-based Damage States provided by the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98).
Several damage states were defined using Element Weakening Method (EWM).
Table 3 The threshold of inter-story drift for different damage states Damage states Slight Moderate Extensive Complete Threshold of ISDs 0.005 0.009 0.023 0.06.
The seismic performance of structures is studied through the damage states (DS) framework introduced by HAZUS-2003 including slight, moderate, extensive, and complete structural damage states.
However, near-fault aftershocks were prominent at all damage states under severe MS-moderate AS.
These hazard-affected elements are only divided into two damage states: damaged (destroyed) and undamaged.
Descriptions of these damage states are found in the Hazus Technical Manual (NIBS 2012).
However, near-fault aftershocks were prominent at all damage states under severe MS-moderate AS. 5.
The fragility of extensive and complete damage states are more close to HAZUS fragility function.
To quantify damage states, the relative displacement ductility ratio of a column is used.
