Nestin being an intermediate filament marker for neural progenitor cells has been shown to exist in ERMs [ 14], however, other studies have emphasized the capacity of Müller cells, the predominant retinal glial cells, to express Nestin in response to different acute damage paradigms such as experimental retinal detachment [ 15].
Over the last 10 yr, a new addition to the damage control paradigm has emerged, referred to as damage control resuscitation (DCR).
This paper presents damage assessment paradigms integrated on blackboard platforms with special reference to steel bridge structures.
Although Li and Wang demonstrated that EndoG activity is relevant only in caspase-independent cell damage, caspase-dependent paradigms were used for the phenotypic characterization of EndoG-deficient mice, which were the basis for discarding a relevant role of EndoG in apoptosis [23], [24].
According to this paradigm, DNA damage occurs during or very shortly after irradiation of the nuclei in targeted cells, and the potential for biological consequences can be expressed within one or two cell generations (Little, 2000).
Biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) are essential for the diagnosis of severe cases of DILI in clinical trials and clinical practice, but the currently used biomarker paradigm detects damage after it has occurred and has limited prognostic value.
In the p53 paradigm, DNA damage-dependent phosphorylation of p53 on Ser-15 by ATM recruits B56γ-PP2A, which dephosphorylates the inhibitory phosphorylation site, Thr-55 [31].
Although we do not know the mechanism underlying these differences, we speculate that as reported in other paradigms, restricted damage to the MOM alone may cause the release of AIF before cytochrome c as the latter, if sequestered in the mitochondrial inter-membrane space by electrostatic interactions, would require additional signals for its release.
Recently, we demonstrated that this paradigm of brain damage enhances autophagy in axotomized precerebellar neurons and, more significantly, that pharmacological stimulation of autophagy improves neurological functions.
