When the researchers injected the extracts into the eyes of mice, they found that the worm-plus-Wolbachia extract caused much more damage, judging by how hazy the eyes became, than worm proteins alone.
Destructive joint damage judged on conventional radiography occurs within the first years of RA [ 6] and early detection of erosions is closely related to poor outcome [ 7].
"My thinking is tending toward allowing terror damages," Judge Hellerstein said.
Therefore, only Mr. Madoff's creditors — his victims — have legal standing to sue the various bank defendants for damages, Judge McMahon said.
Unless Mr. Boeken agrees to settle for $100 million by Aug. 24, Philip Morris will be granted a new trial "solely on the issue of punitive damages," Judge McCoy wrote.
"To allow Biondi now to shift that penalty to Beekman would eviscerate the deterrent effect of punitive damages," Judge Carmen Beauchamp Ciparick wrote for the court.
Before the jury deliberated punitive damages, Judge Richard D. Bennett of Federal District Court in Baltimore said the compensatory award "far exceeds the net worth of the defendants," according to financial statements.
In determining the level of damages, Judge Rakoff said he chose a number considerably lower than the maximum penalty of $150,000 an infringement because Universal had not specified how it lost money because of MP3.com's actions, even though it could have done so.
For punitive damages, Judge Klein stressed that the award had to be "sufficient to have a deterrent effect on Bank of America," especially because of the role of top management and corporate culture in the case.
Punitive damages, also called exemplary damages, legal damages a judge or a jury may grant a plaintiff to punish and make an example of the defendant.
