Fretting damage incorporates cotemporaneous and competing processes of material removal by wear, and fatigue crack initiation.
To investigate the damage mechanism, the particle size distribution was tested to analyze solids damage incorporating the pore throat radius and micro-fracture width in this block.
The calculation of the modified F&EI involves the credit factors of process protection measures, whereas the determination of the maximum probable property damage incorporates the loss reduction measures.
The utility of these instruments lies in their ability to reproducibly measure joint inflammation and damage, incorporating characteristic pathological features including bone erosion, bone oedema and synovitis for RA, with additions now available for scoring tenosynovitis and cartilage [ 41, 42].
Cells exhibiting this phenotype have foci of DNA damage incorporating activated histones such as γH2A.X, elevated ROS levels, and express activated p38 MAP kinase, and also interleukin-6 and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity (Jurk et al. 2012).
Scalar damage parameters characterizing changes in the interface (debonding damage) are incorporated into the formulation of the spectral finite element that is used for damage detection of reinforced concrete structures.
Creep damage FE modelling was performed for fully and partially repaired, thick-walled, circumferential pipe weldments, in which initial damage was incorporated into the calculations to take account of the material degradation of the aged materials.
Pseudo-pressure, non-Darcy flow effects, and formation damage are incorporated in the liquid solution theory to simulate actual real gas flow around the wellbore.
The methodology relies on: (1) spatial post-processed socioeconomic data from the 2011 Romanian census through multicriteria analysis; and (2) analytical methods (the Improved Displacement Coefficient Method and custom-defined vulnerability functions) for estimating damage patterns, incorporated in a GIS environment.
Parameters such as radiation-induced crosslinking, changes in motional dynamics caused by desiccation, and mechanical damage are incorporated into Finite Element Analysis codes and combined with computed tomographic data to provide "age-aware" models and predictive capability at the component level.
