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When the lubricant breaks down, metal or other components can rub destructively over each other, causing damage, heat, and failure.
The code and the detailed geometric model of the experimental ADS (XADS) facility allow a realistic simulation of the spallation process and transport of generated nucleons as well as evaluation of various damage and operational characteristics like displacement damage, heat deposition, gas and spallation element production rates.
In addition, recent studies have shown that nucleoli play a major role in the physiological adaptation of cells to exogenous stress such as DNA damage, heat shock or hypoxia [55] [57].
Several candidate pathways can be considered, including DNA damage, heat shock, cellular senescence, wounding and stress responses [ 98].
The former respond to a specific type of toxicity, for example DNA damage, oxidative stress, or protein damage (heat shock).
The p38MAPK pathway is known to be activated by a variety of stimuli including UV irradiation, hydrogen peroxide, DNA damage, heat, and hyperosmotic shock.
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Climate change will damage heat-sensitive crops like wheat and corn, and have a smaller impact on rice and soy production.
Results also show that stress stimuli leading to cell death without primary DNA damage (heat- or mechanically induced necrosis) elicit ERK phosphorylation.
There are growing evidences which suggest that these riboregulators have important biological functions in development, differentiation, DNA damage, heat-shock responses, and tumorigenesis (Crespi et al, 1994; Velleca et al, 1994; Takeda et al, 1998).
Results showed that stress stimuli leading to cell death without primary DNA damage (heat- or mechanically induced necrosis) do not elicit any significant change in the expression level of MEK1/2 mRNA.
There are no difficulties relating to "radiation-damage", "heat-removal" and "chemical processing" owing to the simple "idealistic ionic liquid" character of the fuel.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com