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It was also shown that the bulk damage consisted of two factors: internal cracking and local damage.
The observed visual damage consisted of surface discolorations at low shock load levels and progressed to surface fiber breakage accompanied by internal delaminations and breakage of the through thickness (Z-directional) fibers at higher shock load levels.
The damage consisted of a combination of delamination cracks parallel to the surface and mismatched cracks normal to the surface resulting in raised features where the indenter contacted the surface with no damage extending past the indentation contact area.
Modern ultrasound surveys of the wreck have found that the damage consisted of six narrow openings in an area of the hull covering only about 12-13 sqft in total.
According to Paul K. Matthias, who made the measurements, the damage consisted of a "series of deformations in the starboard side that start and stop along the hull ... about 10 feet above the bottom of the ship".
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Surface erosion damage consists of vaporization, spallation, and liquid splatter of metallic materials.
Surface damage consists of vaporization, spallation, and liquid splatter of metallic materials.
For this task, a specific failure mechanism, i.e. ductile damage consisting of void nucleation, growth and coalescence, is investigated.
As the impact energy was increased, the specimens experienced significant damage consisting of a dent localized in the region of impact.
A combined inter/intra-laminar damage consisting of fibre cluster breakage, extensive fibre buckling, debonding and delamination was observed at the ultimate failure load.
Researches on and reinforcement of orthotropic steel bridge deck damage consisting of a corroded deck surface and corrosion damage, however, are rarely conducted.
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