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This mathematical feature accounts for the irregularity of the damage boundary that can act as a stress concentration factor, thus causing mechanical strength reduction.
If a damage boundary of the product is prepared, one can readily compare its parameters to those of the maxi-max or average pulses, representing different service environments.
The shock spectrum based damage boundary curve specifies the response of a specimen (fragility), to a given shock pulse, in terms of its velocity change, mean acceleration, pulse duration and shape.
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Three factors affecting dynamic properties of the damaged sandwich are considered, including damage extent, boundary condition and damage zone.
(a) The first rotation mode shape of the (33.33%) damaged plate (boundary conditions are fixed at four edges).
At 6 dpf, the development of sarcomere was severely damaged; the boundary between fast and slow twitch could not be observed; and the length of sarcomere was significantly shorter than the control group's).
This analysis shows that a combination of a CP-FEM model augmented with the fracture initiation parameter shows promise for becoming a predictive tool for identifying damage-prone boundaries.
By considering creep damage of grain boundary, when the damage variable reaches a critical value, the corresponding grain boundary element is eliminated to describe dynamic intergranular fracture processes.
The volume-averaged stress strain curve by a model considering grain boundary damage (DGBM) showed better agreement with experimental results than that by a model not considering grain boundary damage (GBM).
Scanning electron microscopy showed extensive boundary damage to cells after 1 min sonication.
However, nonlinearities arising from sources other than damage – e.g. boundary conditions or a measurement chain – are a primary concern in these methods.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com