Exact(2)
The magnitude of DNA damage affected by normal cellular processes is enormous, estimated at approximately ten thousand depurinated sites generated per cell per day; an even greater number of alterations results from ROS [ 41, 42].
Damage affected by external agents include exposure to UV light causing pyrimidine dimerization and free radical-induced damage, exposure to ionising radiation causing DNA strand breaks, thermal disruption causing hydrolytic depurination and single-strand breaks, and by xenobiotic contamination to cause DNA adduct formation, nucleobase oxidation and DNA crosslinking.
Similar(6)
Even some of the agency's megaprojects, which avoided significant physical damage, were affected by the storm.
In these processes, fatigue damage is affected by many variables.
We then propose and validate a modified rule of mixtures based on a damage parameter affected by the latewood proportion and cell wall properties.
The propagation of the damage was affected by the stress ratio, and we considered that compressive load tends to cause delamination.
Upon the completion of this work, it was observed that the onset of micropitting damage was affected by the hardness of the asperities on the mated roller and disc samples.
We also examined whether the response to IR-induced DNA damage is affected by PTEN status.
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