(A) Paper-1 (B) Paper-2 (C) Paper-3 (D) Corn Stover-1 (E) Corn Stover-2 (F) Corn Stover-3 (G) Soybean Residue-1 (H) Soybean Residue-2 (I) Soybean Residue-3.
This finding is consistent with results reported in the literature [ 29, 30]. Figure 2 shows the XRD of the three allomorphs for the four different cellulose samples; (a) cotton linters, (b) Avicel PH 101, (c) α-cellulose, (d) corn stover.
Moreover, the efficacy of 2,4-D corn may well prove short lived, since a population of 2,4-D resistant waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) has now been confirmed in Nebraska [31], and there are already at least eight other weeds resistant to 2,4-D [19].
For more information on 2,4-D corn, see our two-page fact sheet and more extensive Food Safety Review.
And if that doesn't sound serious enough for you, consider the fact that one of the crops that this could apply to is Dow's 2,4-D corn.
Back at home, the findings take on particular relevance as California voters consider the Proposition 37 Right to Know initiative to label GE foods and U.S. Department of Agriculture considers approving a new wave of GE crops, starting with 2,4-D corn.
2,4-D corn is only the first of many new herbicide-resistance crops being developed by the biotechnology industry to usher in a new era of increased chemical use that represents a very significant opportunity for Dow, Monsanto, DuPont, Bayer, and Syngenta.
American farmers are also rightly concerned that the introduction of 2,4-D resistant corn will threaten their crops: 2,4-D drift is responsible for more episodes of crop injury than any other pesticide.
Dow had initially hoped to have its 2,4-D-resistant corn on the market this year, though it then pushed it back to 2014.
Use of 2,4-D on corn could increase over 30-fold from 2010 levels [72].
Based on an upward trajectory in the planting of 2,4-D HR corn reaching 55% of corn hectares planted by 2019, coupled with an average of 2.3 applications (the label allows three) and an average rate of 0.94 kgs/ha (0.84 pounds/acre) (the label allows 1.12 kgs/ha (1.0 pounds/acre)), 2,4-D use on corn in the U.S. would increase over 30-fold from 2010 levels [Additional file 1: Table S19].
