Sentence examples for cyclical spending from inspiring English sources
To get the biggest bang for its euro, Brussels could spend any increased tax revenue on cyclical spending, such as unemployment benefit.
One defence of the bill offered by the government – and accepted by Labour as the key justification for its support – is that it exempts "cyclical" spending, such as unemployment benefit (now given the Orwellian name jobseekers' allowance).
Labour critics of the cap, including Diane Abbott, say it narrows the options a government might have to respond to a rise in welfare spending, but the Labour leadership says the cap excludes most cyclical spending that rises due to higher unemployment.
"Such pro-cyclical spending makes no sense," says Mauro Leos of Moody's, a ratings agency.
Declining revenues amid recession are likely to make the goal unachievable without painful, pro-cyclical spending cuts.
Such investments were not limited to 'counter-cyclical' spending in recessions, they were also 'steering' economic change during the boom.
Even countries that could not afford emergency programmes like China's let their fiscal balances deteriorate as counter-cyclical spending got under way.
But when Labour was in power, neither Gordon Brown nor Alistair Darling ever offered a robust rationale for counter-cyclical spending.
President Herbert Hoover, a Republican and former Commerce secretary, believed the government should monitor the economy and encourage counter-cyclical spending to ease downturns, but not directly intervene.
Second, pro-cyclical spending of highly volatile oil revenues results in a series of negative macroeconomic consequences ranging from soaring inflation, exchange rate appreciation, and a further accentuation of the crowding-out of private investments.
It is also noticeable that, while spending on income support is strongly counter-cyclical, spending on active programmes tends to react only moderately in most countries, with the notable exception of the Nordic countries (Figure 5, upper panel).
