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Generalists may have dramatic effects on prey populations: they may dampen or eliminate cyclical interactions between specialist predators and their prey [21], hold prey populations at low density in predator pits [22] [23], drive rare species to extinction [24], [16], and help to prevent ecological meltdown [25].
The methodology utilizes metabolic flux data as weights for a graph-based partitioning method that conserves cyclical interactions.
Whether the modules defined by cyclical interactions between their constituent reactions indeed contribute to some recognizable system property warrants further study.
Previously, we assessed the cyclical interactions based on ShReDs calculated by assuming static interactions, and thus a uniform graph distance, between each connected reaction pair.
Our algorithm utilizes a 'divide and conquer' strategy where EFM analysis is performed on systematically identified network modules that are designed to be enriched in cyclical interactions.
Recently, we defined a new metric, termed Shortest Retroactive Distance (ShReD), to capture feedback and other cyclical interactions in a metabolic network [ 17].
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Figure 2 shows cyclical interaction between the areas environment, design science research and knowledge base.
This finding may reflect that this older lineage is involved in a different stage of the cyclical interaction predicted by theoretical studies [ 35].
This ShReD value is still relatively large compared to other weighted ShReD values in the distribution, implying a relatively weak cyclical interaction.
These were organized into a concept map that shows a cyclical interaction between hunger, sex work, HIV status, and social support.
In a dignity encounter, individual or collective actors engage in a cyclical interaction that involves reading each other's physical and social markers (e.g., age, dress), making gestures that signal the underlying tenor of the interaction (e.g., smiling, avoiding eye contact), interpreting and then responding to these markers and gestures through social processes constituted by word or deed.
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