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This categorization is consistent with the product sound classification proposed by Özcan and van Egmond [23] defined by 6 sound categories: air, alarm, cyclic, impact, liquid, and mechanical.
Furthermore, the multilayer TiAlN/TiSiN nano-coating exhibited higher cyclic impact resistance at low impact loading conditions, but worse cyclic impact resistance at large impact loading conditions compared to the monolayer TiAlSiN coating.
It showed that the interfacial delamination of coating/substrate system was more susceptible to the high frequency cyclic impact tests.
For 3-body impact/abrasion conditions tests were done with a specially designed cyclic impact abrasion tester (CIAT) at room temperature and 600 °C.
High-temperature testing included macro hot-hardness, cyclic impact abrasion, and cyclic abrasion, all featuring temperatures between room temperature and 700 °C.
The cyclic impact tests with high frequency were performed with a developed impact tester, which could generate different oscillation amplitudes by using the ultrasonic actuator.
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Installing shock mats and geosynthetics in the track substructure led to the attenuation of high cyclic and impact forces, thereby mitigating ballast degradation.
Twenty-eight female cadavers (ages 57 97) were subjected to cyclic and impact RPI in parallel at the unmodified tibia mid-diaphysis.
CWs were classified based on the type of sheeting (profiled, flat, and dry board) and the applied loading (axial, cyclic, lateral, impact, thermal, or a combination of any two).
These issues include poor drainage of soft coastal soils, ballast degradation under cyclic and impact loads, differential settlement of track and misalignment due to lateral movements, and inadequate bearing capacity of some compacted ballast.
Cyclic hurricane impacts are assumed to be responsible for their deposition since diversity and abundance of marine microfossils decreases compared to EWE XII.
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