For succinate, this was solved by creating two pathways to the product, using both branches of the TCA cycle, connected by the glyoxylate shunt (GS).
Control sites are circles connected by lines.
For example, what we know about the cell cycle and what we know about circadian behaviors such as sleep-wake cycles may be connected by virtue of the fact that both phenomena are built upon autonomous oscillators with external inputs.
Dual-cycle reaction networks connected by a linear pathway, multi-cycle networks stemming from the same intermediate, and single-cycle with arbitrary number of pathways between two intermediates were considered.
The transcriptional regulatory network can be partitioned by the presence or absence of cycles connecting genes.
This simple network consists of two cycles of length 4 connected by a triangle (a cycle of length 3).
In particular, given a set of telephone exchanges, we must design a collection of ring-stars, where each ring-star is a cycle composed of a telephone exchange, some customers, some transition points used to save routing costs and customers not on the cycle connected to the cycle by a single edge.
As with the endogenous daily cycle entrained to the sun, a monthly cycle connected to the Moon exists through a long period of unconscious observation by the body.
The core metabolism has a highly unusual topology, in which the unique enzymes that catalyse the key steps of C1 assimilation are tightly connected by several, large metabolic cycles (serine cycle, ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway, TCA cycle, anaplerotic processes).
We considered the life cycle to be a combination of consecutive life stages connected by transitional processes with specific probabilities.
