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A discrete Fourier transform (DFT) technique with one cycle window is developed to estimate the fundamental component.
The RMS values of the phases are obtained using Fourier transform in a half cycle window after fault occurrence.
Table 5 Comparison of the relay trip timings (in ms) for full cycle window and half cycle window calculations for the microgrid subjected to various types of operating modes (GCM and IM), fault types, fault resistances, and faulted distribution lines, respectively Sl. no.
Table 5 illustrates the comparison of the relay tripping time (in ms) for full cycle window and half cycle window calculations for the microgrid subjected to various types of operating modes (GCM and IM), fault types, fault resistances, and faulted distribution lines, respectively.
It is also significant to note that, while in half cycle window mode, as we process nearly half the samples, thus RTT is obtained within 10 ms (except row 29), i.e., within half cycle from the fault inception time.
It is observed that, in full cycle window mode, the RTT for corresponding phase of the distribution line under fault is obtained within one cycle (20 ms) of fault incipient.
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These cycle windows demonstrate the characteristics of the period-doubling and periodic-adding.
For example, according to IEC-61000-4-7 standard, a 10 (for 50 Hz systems) or 12 (for 60 Hz systems) cycle windows is chosen, therefore a spectrum with 5 Hz resolution is achieved [7].
The frequent occurrence of crisis is seen when c increases from 0 to 2. In addition, these cycle windows illuminate the characteristics of the period-doubling and periodic-adding.
For acceptable accuracy of measurement of both harmonics and inter-harmonics, Fourier analysis is implemented with a number cycle windows chosen to get a suitable resolution spectrum for both two systems.
We then tested if the recurrence interval between peaks or troughs within the first and second cell cycle windows was in the range 7.4-8.7 7.4-8.7
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