After three and four cycles of modification, 2D sheets achieved ~ 100% coverage on PC and PES membranes, respectively as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Supplementary Figs. 22, 23).
The permeability gradually decreased with the increasing cycles of modification (Supplementary Fig. 25), and reached 3.0 ± 1.2 LMH bar−1 and 64.8 ± 11.3 LMH bar−1 for completely covered PC and PES membranes, respectively (Fig. 5b).
Both systems are reversible, and in some cases, dynamic cycles of modification may be required for activity (Gill, 2004).
10 13 14 In addition, data collection and analysis occurred in a concurrent and iterative fashion: the interview schedule underwent two cycles of modification during the data collection process, as emerging themes led to the addition of new question probes.
Perhaps surprisingly, however, genes that are not repressed by Hairy, but that bind Hairy, often show similar changes in the chromatin landscape (what the authors call futile cycles of modification).
The survey instrument was tested and subjected to three cycles of modifications based on iterative feedback received from ten medical professionals in clinical practice.
The questionnaire was pilot tested and subjected to two cycles of modifications based on iterative feedback received from 10 teaching staff.
The bifunctional UTase/UR protein catalyzes the uridylylation and deuridylylation of the PII protein in one cycle of covalent modification, and PII and PII-UMP regulate the opposing AT and AR activities of the ATase in modification of GS in the other cycle.
Another cycle of density modification on the combined phases improved the resultant phases dramatically.
Early detection of new hazards is essential in the short life cycle of device modification.
Association of the cullin arm with the specific arm of SCF complexes, through binding to Skp1, is regulated by a complex cycle of reversible modification involving covalent attachment of NEDD8, a ubiquitin-like protein, to Cul1.
