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Offensive cyber actions, outside of war zones, would still require a higher level of scrutiny from relevant agencies and generally White House permission.
The directive also contemplates the possible use of cyber actions inside the US, though it specifies that no such domestic operations can be conducted without the prior order of the president, except in cases of emergency.
The aim of the document was "to put in place tools and a framework to enable government to make decisions" on cyber actions, a senior administration official told the Guardian.
In addition to the concern that some have raised over whether taking down jihadist websites deprives the U.S. of valuable sources of intelligence, we should also be asking what these types of offensive cyber actions communicate to adversaries and allies alike.
The 18-page document, known as Presidential Policy Directive 20, aims "to put in place tools and a framework to enable government to make decisions" on cyber actions, a senior administration official told the Guardian.
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Rather than a public naming and shaming, it is considering covert cyber action.
The directive provides that any cyber-operations "intended or likely to produce cyber effects within the United States" require the approval of the president, except in the case of an "emergency cyber action".
Any offensive cyber action must be guided by orders from the secretary of defense and approved by the president, a senior defense official said.
"This investigation would serve the purpose of informing the public, developing a concerted response, deterring the Russians from further malign[ant] cyber action and inoculating the public against such manipulation in the future".
The military, for instance, does not have standing authority to conduct any cyber action in self-defense outside its networks that could be construed as a "use of force" — say, shutting down a server in another country — without presidential permission.
Several U.S. officials close to the investigations of the attack on Sony Pictures said the U.S. government was not involved in any cyber action against Pyongyang.
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