There were no significant differences between the patients with CV events compared with those without CV events regarding known risk factors such as hypertension, smoking habits, cholesterol value, LVEF and current medication.
The uncertainly regarding CV safety raises questions of the reliability of CV biomarkers as predictors of clinical events.
Regarding CV risk, a SCORE risk assessment >5 (tables for countries with low CV risk) or equivalent was considered.
Regarding CV risk screening and management, strategies have been developed for the general population and are based on CV risk score calculators such as the Framingham score and the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) model, but the accuracy of these models has not been adequately evaluated in inflammatory arthritis [ 119].
Data are limited regarding CV risks associated with short-term nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, including injectable formulations, although it has been suggested that even a single dose may increase CV adverse event (AE) risk.
Following this withdrawal, concerns have also been raised regarding CV safety of both selective COX-2 inhibitors and traditional NSAIDs.
The findings of the present analysis add to the existing evidence base for DPP-4 inhibitors, which shows the class to be generally well tolerated, but with less definitive evidence regarding CV safety [ 19].
This underrecognition and underassessment of CV risk in RA patients is a finding further discussed in a recently published study that involved sending questionnaires to PCPs and asking them about their awareness of and clinical practices regarding CV risk and RA [ 22].
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At the time of recruitment, patients' data regarding traditional CV risk factors, previous history of CV events, and clinical manifestations were registered.
