But the Germans maintained their hold on the main bastions of their winter front such towns as Schlüsselburg, Novgorod, Rzhev, Vyazma, Bryansk, Orël (Oryol), Kursk, Kharkov, and Taganrog despite the fact that the Soviets had often advanced many miles beyond these bastions, which were in effect cut off.
SNP pruning for the genetic risk score was performed using pairwise linkage disequilibrium of r 2 > 0.8 as cut off to account for correlated effects, resulting in the exclusion of rs1094639.
When the tension was cut off, the effect is completely reversible.
Cut off, in effect, from the cold world. .
That the points seem to converge is most likely a cut-off effect from the limited sampling time.
Unlike hydrocarbon surfactants 4a-e, many other carbohydrate surfactants investigated to date display a "cut-off" effect [32], i.e., carbohydrate surfactants with a long hydrophobic tail show a decrease in the cytotoxicity relative to medium length surfactant [9,23-25,29].
The structure-dependent factors likely involved the "cut-off" effect, such as lipid and water solubility, critical aggregate concentration, binding to proteins in the cell and cell culture medium, and diffusion through the cell membrane, are poorly understood and warrant further investigation [32,33].
Although we did not investigate longer hydrophobic tails due to the poor aqueous solubility of the corresponding surfactant (i.e., > hexadecyl), we propose that triazole-containing alkyl β-D-glucopyranoside surfactants 4 would display a "cut-off" effect for surfactants with long hydrophobic tails.
Further prosecution of such compounds is not warranted as very hydrophobic compounds tend to be poor anesthetics [6], a phenomenon generically related to the cut-off effect [13].
In emulsion systems a cut-off effect was reported.
Alkyl esters of rosmarinic and chlorogenic acid show so-called cut-off effect in oil-in-water emulsions.
