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Improper valve stratification and cusp thickening provoke incompetent leaflet coaptation and, hence, regurgitation events, which could be expected to worsen in conditions of arterial circulation.
The proposed constructs were not affected by valvular insufficiency, stenosis, and cusp thickening, differently from the control group.
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The valve cusps are thickened, and the size of the orifice varies in diameter from 1 mm to about two-thirds of the circumference of the pulmonary artery.
The aortic valve was exposed and all three cusps were thickened and densely calcified; their mobility was almost completely lost and the valve area was strictly restricted.
Interestingly, an echocardiographic study of ∼200 patients identified the non-coronary cusp as firstly affected by thickening, suggesting that lower laminar shear stress, in the absence of diastolic coronary flow, may accelerate valvular thickening.
MR angiography may show stenosis at multiple levels, mural thrombi, thickening of aortic valve cusps and pericardial effusions [18, 28, 29, 30].
The smoke was thickening.
His upholstery was thickening.
Some are thickening.
The dark is thickening now.
The drizzle was thickening.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com