Energy curtailment regulation is increasingly applied in distribution networks.
Energy curtailment regulation in Germany and Sweden are used and modified in this paper as case studies.
An important aspect of curtailment regulation is its impact on the network expansion investment and the distribution generation (DG) penetration level.
For example, Tant et al. [6] investigated a particular model using voltage regulation, peak load curtailment and annual costs as characteristics to optimize the size of storage system with high PV penetration.
This method permits the assessment of the voltage/current constraints that the unit might generate during its operation, and also the study of various smart solutions, alternative to grid reinforcement, like advanced voltage regulation schemes or generation curtailment.
Taking primary frequency regulation as an example, references [10, 11] analyzed the model combining wind power and energy storage, and proposed an ESS's control strategy to reduce wind curtailment and to participate in primary frequency regulation.
Again, like hormone manipulation, these pathways are heavily bound up with the regulation of reproduction, making the curtailment of the cost of reproduction the most likely mechanism by which the beneficial effects of emulating dietary restriction are achieved [cf. 26].
Thirdly, the wind power accommodation and curtailment is synergistically considered according to the available regulation capability of conventional generators on operation.
It also realizes the temporal transition of power and energy to effectively eliminate wind power curtailment caused by the system's poor peak regulation ability.
