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Therefore, we would suggest revaluing these implemented curriculum indicators in TIMSS by continuing to improve their quality and scope.
The same interpretation holds for the science domains, which vary in their number of implemented curriculum indicators: biology (7), chemistry (6), earth science (4), and physics (5).
However, their findings were much weaker for science than mathematics, and the difference between our findings and those of Schmidt et al. might be related to the much richer and more diverse implemented curriculum indicators available in TIMSS 1995.
Moreover, despite the lack of evidence for a relationship between TICS and achievement in this study, and the potential issues with the implemented curriculum indicators, the value of these indicators come also from their capacity to document changes in curriculum across time within countries and differences in curriculum between countries.
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To supplement the perspective offered by the system-level intended curriculum indicator, we propose to move to a class-level implemented curriculum indicator.
However, some caution should be in place as there are some clear limitations in the curriculum indicator used to operationalize coverage of the item content.
Disassemble the national curriculum level indicators: they are not designed to be used as a competencies checklist.
Plausible explanations for this null finding are addressed; attention and research efforts should focus on improving the quality of curriculum implementation indicators in large-scale assessments.
For example, the Early Years Learning Framework does not indicate the relationship between what the curriculum should offer and indicators of quality.
The findings suggest that the curriculum can improve important indicators of positive career development and adjustment in high risk adolescent girls.
True, there may have been some doubts about the curriculum, but key social indicators compared well with other states in the region.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com