Therefore, we would suggest revaluing these implemented curriculum indicators in TIMSS by continuing to improve their quality and scope.
The same interpretation holds for the science domains, which vary in their number of implemented curriculum indicators: biology (7), chemistry (6), earth science (4), and physics (5).
However, their findings were much weaker for science than mathematics, and the difference between our findings and those of Schmidt et al. might be related to the much richer and more diverse implemented curriculum indicators available in TIMSS 1995.
Moreover, despite the lack of evidence for a relationship between TICS and achievement in this study, and the potential issues with the implemented curriculum indicators, the value of these indicators come also from their capacity to document changes in curriculum across time within countries and differences in curriculum between countries.
Plausible explanations for this null finding are addressed; attention and research efforts should focus on improving the quality of curriculum implementation indicators in large-scale assessments.
For example, the Early Years Learning Framework does not indicate the relationship between what the curriculum should offer and indicators of quality.
The findings suggest that the curriculum can improve important indicators of positive career development and adjustment in high risk adolescent girls.
True, there may have been some doubts about the curriculum, but key social indicators compared well with other states in the region.
Mindfulness and body awareness practices are also taught as part of the ChiRunning curriculum to both help identify early indicators of injury and to increase motivation [ 14].
Improving the quality assurance mechanism In 2000, the erstwhile Education Department and the SWD introduced Performance Indicators (PIs), which incorporated the curriculum aims of the 1996 Guide to Pre-primary Curriculum.
