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Similar feed pre-heating strategy in conjunction with counter current spray drying was used for sucrose drying.
Counter current spray drying was suitable in producing well defined crystalline lactose particles mainly due to the higher residence time.
This paper evaluated the potential of counter current spray drying to produce engineered crystalline particles in-situ.
Surprisingly, the counter current spray drying with relatively lower initial evaporation rate resulted in amorphous mannitol particles.
This work explored the manipulation of these unique features of counter current spray drying to control the crystallinity of the particles formed.
One main feature of the counter current spray dryer is in inducing droplet drying history with a progressively increasing drying rate; in contrast to a co-current spray dryer in which the particle is immediately confronted with high driving force of evaporation.
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In this work, spray drying was performed in a pilot-scale co-current spray dryer.
The homogenized-gum solution (10%) was spray-dried by using a co-current spray dryer (Niro model 2000A, Niro Atomizer, Copenhagen, Denmark) equipped with a vanes centrifugal atomizer.
The performance of a counter-current spray tower for SO2 scrubbing using water and dilute NaOH deploying an energy efficient critical flow atomizer is reported.
In this context, a steady-state mathematical model for a co-current spray dryer is developed to give a more phenomenological insight in the production of inhalable particles.
The air motion inside a slender co-current spray chamber fitted with a pneumatic-nozzle atomizer is investigated visually by smoke tests and analytical.
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