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(2) Counter current pretreatment, in which the hot water is pumped against the biomass in controlled conditions.
The current pretreatment methodologies utilize energy-intensive processes (high pressures and temperatures) and harsh chemical compounds (NaOH, H2SO4).
High temperature and low pH tolerant enzymes are preferred for the hydrolysis due to the fact that most current pretreatment strategies rely on acid and heat (Turner et al.2007).2007
Our current pretreatment FMD results in scleroderma patients are in concordance with our previous measurements.
Current pretreatment technologies operate with different chemistries at varying temperatures and for different reaction times [ 5].
Current pretreatment methods are less than ideal in one or more of these characteristics.
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The digestibility of cellulose present in lignocellulosic biomass is hindered by many physicochemical, structural, and compositional factors [ 2] and current pretreatments rely on thermochemical technologies using high temperatures, toxic acids, peroxides, and ammonia.
(1) Co-current pretreatment, in which both the slurry of biomass and the water is heated to the required temperature and held at the pretreatment conditions for controlled residence time before being cooled.
Current biomass pretreatment process utilizes energy intense methodologies (high pressures and temperatures) and harsh chemical compounds.
We have developed a direct current plasma pretreatment of the Fe catalyst to increase the area density of vertically-aligned carbon nanotube forests.
In the current study, pretreatment with BAPTA for 3 hours dramatically reduced RES-induced apoptosis.
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