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He came to an agreement with the International Monetary Fund and received new loans from the World Bank, but the resultant devaluation of the naira, the local currency, led to social unrest, which he addressed by dissolving part of the Nigeria Labour Congress and temporarily closing the universities.
The profound insecurity felt by millions of Germans — reduced to camping out in ruined train stations, chasing black-market food and using cigarettes as currency — led to a craving for order: not the Nazis' kind, with its promises of glory and adventure, but something that would give them a home once again.
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In the last year, the desire of American investors to earn higher interest rates on securities denominated in foreign currencies, or to profit from an expected strengthening of foreign currencies, led to sales of well over $1 billion worth of notes and bonds denominated in Australian dollars.
Eastern European nations like Latvia, Ukraine and Hungary will plod behind other emerging markets in Asia and Latin America, after bursting property bubbles and plummeting currencies led to sharper economic contractions there.
But also because the very survival mechanism adopted by the Bank of England - near-zero interest rates, QE and talking down the pound, which has produced and maintained a 20% fall of sterling against world currencies - led to imported inflation.
In both cases, runs on the banking system ended up with a partial freezing of bank deposits, which in the case of Argentina, triggered a full-fledged banking crisis and a subsequent conversion of deposits denominated in a foreign currency into domestic currency that led to a restructuring of domestic liabilities -- at a high cost for small domestic savers.
Furthermore, the experience of Argentina and Brazil's Plano Real itself demonstrate that reduction in inflation expectations and stabilization of currency lead to increases in economic activity and tax revenue.
The failed currency reforms led to unprecedented public anger.
China's currency devaluation led to tensions among world leaders for many years.
There were several reports that the currency reform led to unrest – highly unusual in the tightly controlled country.
Past breakups of currency regimes led to messy transitions, often involving bank runs, capital flight, emigration and some measure of default.
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