Alain de Pouzilhac, the chief executive, said the company expected higher sales, excluding the effect of currency factors, next year.
"Given that currency factors will again be negative in the current year, we do not expect any improvement [in earnings per share] from last year's level".
The company said that the euro's appreciation against other currencies in the last nine months reduced revenue by 10.4percentt, but excluding currency factors, its sales rose by 2.9percentt.
Currency exchange rates cut 180 billion yen from Toyota's operating profit in the first half, but strength in the domestic market, where new models pushed its market above 40percentt, helped offset the currency factors.
The slight mark-up may be explained by currency factors, or because the deal is happening slightly sooner than the start of ABI's repurchase option period, in July.
I am not aware of any published work on this topic; vii) Currency scaling factor (or other normalizing factor): an appropriate factor must be used if scores are to be compared between countries.
As suggested above, a currency scaling factor can be used, which is loosely based on the perceived value of grants.
A currency scaling factor was chosen (£100,000 = 1 grant point) based on the total grant income of the two departments.
The Currency conversion factor was taken according to WHO/HAI methodology and was the day of starting data collection.
Excluding currency exchange factors, its sales fell 5.8percentt.
