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In summary, the TPO-initiated system exhibits superior polymerization performance to the CQ/4E system as well as water-favorable and pH-independent features as using QTH curing unit.
To assess the performance of two blue light-emitting-diode (LED) curing units, in terms of their spectral output and irradiance and the depth of cure (dcure) produced in standard hybrid and modified composites, compared with a conventional quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) light curing unit.
Resin cement was light activated (550 mwith2) with XL 3000 curing unit (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) for 40 s, as recommended by the manufacturer.
Modulation of the luminous energy has been shown to be efficient in decreasing the shrinkage stress of dental composite polymerization, but its clinical use is difficult, because it increases the clinical time and is dependent on the irradiance of the light curing unit, which the dentist does not usually know.
RM-GIC samples were photopolymerized for 60 seconds using a halogen light curing unit (Astralis 7, mode HIP: 750 mW/cm², Ivoclar-Vivadent, Schaan, Lichtenstein).
Then, both the adhesive and SF resin composite were light cured at the same time from the top of the mold with a BG light curing unit for 40 s, followed by photopolymerization (Visio Beta Vario light curing unit) up to 40°C, vacuum for 15 minutes with a maximum temperature of 70°C.
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However, optimum curing parameters have until now been specified in terms of a curing time for a specific recommended curing unit, making extrapolation to other curing units impossible.
Brackets were then light-cured with a visible light-curing unit (Ortholux XT, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) for 10 seconds on the mesial side of the bracket and for 10 seconds on the distal side (total cure time 20 seconds).
Single Bond 2 (3 M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) was applied by dual-application [13], each coat was gently air dried (5 s), and then light-cured with a quartz-tungsten-halogen light-curing unit (500 mW/cm2) (XL2500, 3 M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) for 10 s.
This material was light-cured for 40 s with 800 mW/cm2 irradiance using a quartz-tungsten-halogen light-curing unit (LED, UltraLume 5, Ultradent Products, South Jordan, UT, USA).
A LED light-curing unit (Radii, SDI, Bayswater, Victoria, Australia) with irradiance of approximately 1000 mW/cm2 was used.
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