Resulting intraacetabular pressures and cup displacements were also assessed during force-controlled pressurization.
Forces, pressures, and cup displacements were measured for 3 flanged cups and 3 unflanged cups (Table 1).
Cup displacements obtained under a constant force were evaluated for 45 and 150 seconds, with a negative number indicating cup migration towards the acetabular pole.
The resulting forces, pressures, and cup displacements were recorded continuously every 0.02 seconds during cementation using Spider8 software (HBN Inc., Marlborough, MA).
During force-controlled pressurization, cup displacements were collected for 8 paired samples and pressures were obtained for 9 paired samples (Table 3).
The animals were trained until they dug for a completely buried reward for 10 trials in a daily session lasting a maximum of 10 min. Initially, each trial consisted of as many cup choices (displacement of the sand in a cup with the paws or snout) as needed until the rewarded cup was found.
After that both cups were displaced, systematically varying two main factors, whether cups were crossed during displacement and whether the cups were substituted by the other cup or instead cups were moved to new locations.
Calling the International Olympic Committee "out of touch," Zimbalist, the author of "Circus Maximus: The Economic Gamble Behind Hosting the Olympics and World Cup," cited the displacement of impoverished Brazilians, the design of a golf course on an environmental reserve, and the development of a subway line from the beach to a wealthy suburb as ill-conceived uses of funds in Rio.
However, during force-controlled pressurization the unflanged cups showed deeper displacement in the direction toward the acetabular pole (p = 0.05) and produced a higher pole pressure than the flanged cups did (p = 0.05) (Table 1).
