Test results indicate that the inclusion of soil reinforcement in the replaced sand not only significantly increases the stability of the sandy slope itself but also decreases much both the monotonic and cumulative cyclic settlements leading to an economic design of the footings.
The cumulative cyclic settlement of the model footing supported on a loose sandy slope, un-reinforced and reinforced replaced sand deposits overlying the loose slope were obtained and compared.
A list was produced of all the enumeration areas and their respective populations, and a column was created with the cumulative population across the settlements.
Approximately 140 years after settlement, the cumulative effects of high-grade logging and range deterioration likely resulted in simplified forest structure and composition, dominated by mature spruce.
b The cumulative effect is calculated as Settlement × Production × Emigration.
Wetland carbon stocks were estimated for both pre-settlement and post-settlement (modern-day) periods using the cumulative carbon mass data obtained from the SEO peat survey (using peat depth, bulk density, and carbon content; see Additional file 1: Appendix S1 for detailed procedures).
To gain further insight into the cumulative effect of adsorption rate on the entire settlement-production-emigration cycle, the above results from the three λ strains were converted into relative scales.
Cumulative and single viewshed analysis are performed for all settlements in the study areas using different distance zones, one in the visible proximity up to 1.2 km and one more extended in the landscape up to 4.7 km.
The cumulative penalties were negotiated as part of a global settlement with US, Brazilian and Swiss authorities.
The biggest obstacle that now stands in the way of success is psychological: the cumulative effect of years of violence and the expansion of Israeli settlements have led to a collapse of trust on both sides.
