Table 8 presents comparative result of cumulative generation capacity, cumulative electricity generated, and emissions from the generated activities simulated in the WAPP electricity system.
In normal science the key theories, instruments, values and metaphysical assumptions that comprise the disciplinary matrix are kept fixed, permitting the cumulative generation of puzzle-solutions, whereas in a scientific revolution the disciplinary matrix undergoes revision, in order to permit the solution of the more serious anomalous puzzles that disturbed the preceding period of normal science.
These other datasets combined thus provide only ∼10% of the power, in terms of cumulative generations, as the long-term dataset that we have generated and analyzed.
The resulting rate was (25 synonymous mutations)/ 300,000 cumulative generations)(941,000 synonymous sites) = 8.9 × 10−11 per base pair per generation or, for the 4,629,812-base(pair) genome, 0.00041 base-pair substitutions per genome per generation.
Interestingly, p53, p21 and p16 levels were all spontaneously higher in G5 TERT-null MEF cells than in G2 cells, suggesting that cumulative generations of breeding activate the checkpoint pathways in telomerase-deficient mice.
The mutation rate was derived from the number of detected mutations per number of "meioses" or transmission events, which is the number of cumulative generations tracing back to the maternal ancestor.
To help address this issue, we used whole-genome sequencing to reveal the genome-wide rate, spectrum, distribution, leading/lagging bias, and context-dependency of spontaneous mutations that arose over 90,000 cumulative generations of growth in both wild type and MMR-deficient mutator lines of the opportunistic human pathogen P. aeruginosa.
The loss is cumulative: "Each generation is passing on fewer of these microbes," Blaser told me, with the result that the Western microbiome is being progressively impoverished.
The insurer has put on 18p to £12.84 said it was targeting at least £10bn of cumulative cash generation between 2014 and 2017 - around a third of its market capitalisation.
For example, transformation ratio and cumulative hydrocarbon generation depend on kerogen types (e.g. HI values) and maturity (Tmax).
Overall, this study highlights the importance of stars in cumulative knowledge generation, but also shows the limits of self-referencing and individual path-dependency.
