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In the cultured system, noninvading cells from the top wells were removed by a cotton wrap.
We speculated that increases in astroglial GSH may reduce neuronal ROS production in our cultured system, as reported by García-Nogales et al. (2003).
An important key to this difference is the suggestion that the feedback loop from Gli1 to Ptc1 is operates in the cultured system but not in vivo.
Follicle cells are easily imaged, exist within the context of a tissue rather than a cultured system, and may be genetically manipulated via mitotic recombination to produce homozygous mutant clones within an otherwise wild-type tissue.
Furthermore, in another cultured system, high glucose blunted the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) response to hypoxia in immortalized rat proximal tubular cells via the oxidative stress-regulated HIF/hypoxia-responsible element (HRE) pathway [ 22].
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Although distinct properties of cancer metabolism known as Warburg effects have been examined mainly in cultured systems or conventional animal experiments, there are several technical difficulties in characterizing the metabolism of human solid tumors in vivo.
It is also important to reflect on the fact that the alterations in substrate utilization noted in our cultured systems are not predictive of the net effect in vivo.
Herein, we used adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and an AM co-cultured system to study bone regeneration in a rat periodontal defect model in vivo.
To test the hypothesis, a co-cultured system of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) and human lung fibroblasts (HLF) were designed to observe the effects of BEC, in the normal state or in a BRS-3 activated state, on the proliferation and collagen synthesis of HLF.
The graft was placed in a perfusion culture system and cultured for additional 6 hours with 100 ml/min flow and 15 mmHg pressure.
Cells were pelleted into a 3D culture system and cultured in chondrogenic induction media, as described previously in this manuscript.
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