The result of the optimization of cultural conditions of the bacterial co-culture revealed optimum cellulase production at the following conditions: temperature, 40 °C; pH, 7; substrate concentration, 4.0 % (w/v); inoculum concentration, 4%% (v/v) and when yeast extract was used as nitrogen source.
During optimization of cultural condition for the decolorization of RR31 dye using fungal granules, it was found that temperature has a profound influence on dye decolorization.
Other researchers have also reported cellulase production enhancement by the optimization of cultural conditions (Ray et al. 2007; Abou-Taleb et al. 2009; Behera et al. 2014; Ladeira et al. 2015).
The report of El-Hadi et al. (2013) also confirmed the role of organic nitrogen (e.g. peptone) at increasing enzyme activity during optimization of cultural and nutritional conditions for carboxymethylcellulase production by Aspergillus hortai, stating that organic nitrogen sources are preferable for improving endoglucanase activity.
Yield can be intermittently raised by optimization of cultural conditions such as combining different substrates or adding supplements which have shortened the crop period for Pleurotus spp. and also increases mushroom productivity [ 2, 8, 9].
This project aims at demonstrating that an evolutionary intervention package featuring low cost, integration with routine services, cultural sensitization and self-optimization, is effective and sustainable in preventing diabetes.
Figure 3 Optimization of various cultural and growth parameters for Bacillus sp. NA10.
Optimization of the cultural temperature of K. pneumoniae IVN51 showed the highest biosurfactant production (48.0 ± 2.83 %) and growth (0.4740 ± 0.006) at temperatures 30 and 35 °C, respectively, after 48 h of incubation.
This consideration should lead to the optimization of the cultural practices to either (i) restore the original properties of an ecosystem in case of slightly degraded environments or (ii) transform an ecosystem in case of highly degraded soils (e.g., mine soils).
In this paper, a hybrid co-evolutionary cultural algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (CECBPSO) is proposed.
