At the end of each cultivation concentrations of glucose and lactate were measured in the medium using an YSI 2700 SELECT analyzer (Yellow Springs, USA).
For autotrophic cultivation, the concentration of glycine used was 5 g/L.
Furthermore during the continuous cultivation, the concentration of inhibitors such as acetic acid, 5-hydroxy-methyl furfural (HMF) and furfural were found to be near zero.
After 6 days of cultivation, the concentration of cells illuminated at 920 μmol m−2 s−1 was decreased to 9%% (1.5 × 10 cells ml−1) of the control.
Between 45 and 60 days of cultivation, the concentration of maytenin increases (from 601.98 to 871.26 μg·g−1 DW); in the subsequent 30 days, it decreases (620.83 μg·g−1 DW), whereas the adventitious root remains in the stationary phase.
In the PQ cultivation, PQ concentration was carefully chosen to be 70 μM, at which the intracellular environments should have been sufficiently disturbed while the cells can still maintain a growth rate equal to or greater than the diluting rate (0.17 h-1).
During soybean cultivation, Mn concentrations in the leaves did not vary with the tillage methods and were near or below the range considered adequate for the crop.
Interestingly, after 87 h of cultivation, BDM concentrations almost doubled although no significant D1.3 production was observed any more.
As shown in Fig. 4b, c, after 9 days of cultivation, ethanol concentrations of the YQ4 and HZ24 cultivation system reached 2.2 2.3 g/l, while that of the ZG25 system was 1.2 g/l.
On the other hand, during fed-batch or continuous cultivation, the concentrations of glucose and xylose are low, which indicates that native high-affinity transporters are induced and expression of a heterologous transporter with superior xylose kinetics is needed to improve uptake.
