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The LD pattern may reflect the introgression of arcelin from the wild into the cultivated background through breeding.
This may reflect reduced recombination within the segment containing the APA locus due to introgression from the wild accessions into the cultivated background.
The RAZ and GG lines were also found to be useful for characterizing introgression of bruchid resistance into a cultivated background.
In parallel new genetic and genomic tools (see below) for monitoring the introgression of wild genes into a cultivated background are opening the perspectives for the efficient introgression of wild genes into the peanut crop using molecular breeding.
The tertiary gene pool consists of remaining 6 annual and 35 perennial species that are not readily crossable with cultivated species, which requires some specialized techniques for their gene transfer in the cultivated background.
It was notable that the most useful APA variants in our study were Arc1 in the cultivated background and Arc1, Arc4, Arc5 and Arc7 in the wild background and this is consistent with results from previous studies [ 19].
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It is interesting to note that introgressions from wild species often carry 'gain of function' alleles in cultivated backgrounds.
Since then the majority of breeding programmes have focused on intercrossing between the hybrids, though in recent decades the larger increases in genetic gain have been made by incorporating more diverse germplasm into the cultivated backgrounds (Edme et al., 2005).
The author of Luke had a cultivated literary background and wrote in good idiomatic Greek.
Later, under the tutelage of Diana Vreeland (a family friend), Berenson found herself transformed from an introverted 16-year-old into a sleekly self-possessed, green-eyed beauty, stepping lightly from her cultivated European background into the youthquake of a new generation.
If any regions of the genome are not represented in the population, additional backcrosses can be made to recover the missing wild segment(s) in the cultivated parent background.
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