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We also introduced a new ambiguity test (simultaneous presentation of the two training cues) alongside the standard single ambiguous cue test.
During a cue test, all feeders were unrewarded, containing only two pieces of cylindrical foam (2.5 cm long, 1.3 cm in diameter).
However, mice exposed to PCP on P7 exhibited significantly less freezing in response to the tone during the auditory cue test compared to saline controls [F 1,28) = 4.43, p = 0.02] (data not shown).
Each cue test lasted at least 5 min and each ended when the subject made 10 choices, or after 30 min without a subject making 10 choices, whichever occurred first.
Once a subject had made six consecutive choices of the rewarded feeder, and thus demonstrated that it had learned to go there directly, we immediately gave it a cue test.
The day following training, the rats were again placed in the conditioning chamber or placed in a different context (cue test only: clear polypropylene chamber 40×22×20 cm) and given 5 conditioned odor pulses at 2 min inter-stimulus interval.
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We designed cue tests to investigate subjects' responses to conflicting cues: (1) spatial versus shape cues, (2) spatial versus scent cues, or (3) shape versus scent cues.
We observed all cue tests using two infrared-illuminated Sony Nightshot camcorders, one filming straight on and the other at 90 degrees (Figure 1), to resolve any ambiguous observations.
Like Glossophaga soricina, during cue tests of scent versus location and shape versus location, the first choices of Carollia perspicillata were highly biased towards location with nine of 10 subjects tested in each condition choosing the previously rewarded location first.
In location versus scent cue tests, we removed shape cues and, for each bat, switched the scent that had been associated during training with the feeder in the rewarded location with a scent cue that, during training, had been associated with an unrewarded feeder.
In location versus shape cue tests, we removed scent cues and, for each bat, switched the shape that had been associated with the rewarded feeder during training with that previously associated with an unrewarded feeder, alternating with which shape we switched the previously awarded shape for each of 10 trials.
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