Using VAS stimuli enabled us to manipulate auditory spatial cues independently of one another and therefore to assess neuronal sensitivity to each cue separately.
These pairwise correlations (i.e., standardized covariances) between utilization coefficients indicated to what extent participants utilized the cues independently of one another.
These stimuli recreated the acoustical conditions associated with either normal hearing or an earplug in the left ear and were used to manipulate individual spatial cues independently of one another (see Supplemental Experimental Procedures).
A retro-cue consisted of one or two arrows originating from the fixation cross pointing to one or two of the four locations that had been occupied by a rectangle in the memory array, thus indicating where a relevant item or items were present (validity 100%) (Lepsien et al., 2005; Matsukura et al., 2007).
In a Louise Bagshawe novel, Desire for example, this might be the cue for one of her signature, one-line paragraphs.
Galfano, Penolazzi, Vervaeck, Angrilli, and Umiltà (2009) used a paradigm in which non-matching probes could either be the product of both cue numbers (strong cue-probe association), the multiple of one of the cue numbers (weak cue-probe association), or an arithmetically neutral number with respect to the cue numbers (no cue-probe association).
Marin Cogan beautifully described the incident in a story marking its ten year anniversary: "Cue the beginning of one of the worst cases of mass hysteria in America since the Salem witch trials".
As we suggest above, once the belief has formed that one is under external control, particularly in the setting of noisy internal cueing, the interpretation of one's experiences is shaped by this belief.
In the grasping condition, volunteers sat in a darkened room and made right-hand reaching and grasping movements cued by illumination of one of two concentrically arranged cylinders (15 and 65 mm diameter) located 30 cm in front of the starting hand position (Buch et al., 2010 and 2011).
