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The experiments reported here were designed to further examine this phenomenon and to test the hypothesis that the ability of a distinct context to promote robust psychomotor sensitization is due to its ability to reliably signal (cue) drug administration.
Within subject three-way ANOVAs were performed to examine the effects of lever (active vs nonactive), cue drug microinjection (vehicle, CRF 250 and 500 ng) and discriminative cue type (CS+ vs. CS-).
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This dissociation would suggest that the regions that showed a Cue by Drug interaction effect (regions where responses to the Cocaine-cues were attenuated by MP), are not related to the subjective perception of craving.
Several authors suggest that inhibitory control in substance-dependent individuals is especially reduced when exposed to drug-related cues and that this eventually may contribute to compulsive cue-elicited drug intake [3], [7], [52].
It remains to be determined whether these variations extend to cue-induced craving for other drugs and other natural rewards, whether cue-reactive drug users are more likely to relapse to drug use after quitting, or whether they respond differently to treatment strategies.
Some reward signals (e.g., cues for sexual opportunity[7]) also have clear survival significance; others (e.g., learned cues for drug rewards[8]) have powerful motivational effects by their actions on natural reward circuits, but confer no survival advantage.
Drug use and relapse involve learned associations between drug-associated environmental cues and drug effects.
Cue-induced drug seeking can be modeled using the conditioned place preference procedure (CPP).
Following seven days of extinction sessions in which neither cues nor drug were available, rats underwent four reinstatement tests in a counterbalanced, within-subjects design.
This helps to explain why relapse is often triggered by cues of drug availability (Carter and Hall 2012).
Approximately 24 h after conditioning, mice were exposed to the same conditioning context (identical conditioning chamber and odor cue) under drug-free conditions.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com